Oven Temperature Conversion Guide — °C to °F, Gas Mark, Fan & Air Fryer
Interactive Oven Temperature Converter
Enter a temperature and select the oven type. All corresponding values are shown instantly.
Enter a number above — all oven equivalents appear instantly (e.g., 180°C = 356°F, Gas Mark 4, Fan 160°C).
Oven Temperature Conversion Chart
Quick reference for the most common oven temperatures used in baking and roasting.
| Conventional °C | Conventional °F | Fan / Convection °C | Gas Mark | Common Use |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 120°C | 248°F | 100°C | ½ | Very low — keeping food warm, meringues |
| 140°C | 284°F | 120°C | 1 | Low — slow roasts, stews |
| 150°C | 302°F | 130°C | 2 | Low — roasting lamb, pork shoulder |
| 160°C | 320°F | 140°C | 3 | Moderate — baked custards, cheesecakes |
| 170°C | 338°F | 150°C | 3 | Moderate — sponge cakes, cookies |
| 180°C | 356°F | 160°C | 4 | Moderate — most baking, bread, roasted chicken |
| 190°C | 374°F | 170°C | 5 | Moderately hot — pastries, puff pastry |
| 200°C | 392°F | 180°C | 6 | Hot — roasting vegetables, pizza |
| 210°C | 410°F | 190°C | 6 | Hot — naan bread, quick roasts |
| 220°C | 428°F | 200°C | 7 | Hot — searing meats, thin-crust pizza |
| 230°C | 446°F | 210°C | 8 | Very hot — broiling, steak |
| 240°C | 464°F | 220°C | 9 | Very hot — high-heat roasting |
| 250°C | 482°F | 230°C | 9+ | Extremely hot — searing, wok cooking |
| 260°C | 500°F | 240°C | 10 | Maximum — pizza ovens, professional use |
Gas Mark values per UK Government standards. Temperature conversions use the formula °F = (°C × 9/5) + 32 (NIST). Common uses based on standard baking and roasting guidelines.
How to Convert Oven Temperatures
Celsius to Fahrenheit
The standard formula for converting oven temperatures is: °F = (°C × 9/5) + 32. For example, 180°C × 9/5 + 32 = 356°F. To go the other way: °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9. So 350°F − 32 = 318, × 5/9 = 177°C, which rounds to 180°C.
Conventional Oven to Fan / Convection Oven
Fan ovens (also called convection ovens) circulate hot air, cooking food about 20% faster. Reduce the conventional temperature by 20°C. If a recipe says 200°C in a conventional oven, set your fan oven to 180°C. No need to adjust cooking time — the lower temperature compensates for the faster heat transfer.
Conventional Oven to Gas Mark
Gas Mark is a temperature scale used on gas ovens in the UK and Commonwealth countries. Each Gas Mark number corresponds to a specific Celsius range. Gas Mark 4 = 180°C (conventional) and is the most commonly called-for temperature. Gas Mark 1 starts at 140°C and Gas Mark 9 is 240°C.
Oven to Air Fryer Conversion
Air fryers are essentially small, powerful convection ovens. Reduce the conventional oven temperature by 20°C when converting to air fryer. Since air fryers cook faster due to their compact size, also check for doneness 20-25% earlier than the recipe suggests.
Temperature Guide by Oven Type
Fan / Convection Oven
Uses a fan to circulate hot air. Cooks food faster and more evenly. Always reduce conventional recipe temperature by 20°C. Common range: 100°C (keep warm) to 230°C (searing).
- Baking: 160°C (conventional 180°C)
- Roasting: 180°C (conventional 200°C)
- Pizza: 200°C (conventional 220°C)
Gas Oven (Gas Mark)
Common in UK, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand. Gas Mark ranges from ½ (120°C) to 10 (260°C). Gas ovens can have hot spots — rotate trays halfway through cooking.
- Gas Mark 4: 180°C — standard baking
- Gas Mark 6: 200°C — roasting, pizza
- Gas Mark 8: 230°C — broiling, steak
Air Fryer
Compact convection oven. Same 20°C reduction rule applies. Check food 20-25% earlier than recipe time. Common range: 150°C (frozen fries) to 200°C (chicken wings).
- Frozen foods: 180°C, 10-15 min
- Fresh meat: 180°C, adjust time based on thickness
- Vegetables: 200°C, 8-12 min
UK vs US vs Europe Differences
Recipes from different countries use different scales. UK recipes use Gas Mark and °C. US recipes use °F. European recipes use °C with fan oven as default. Always check which scale your recipe uses.
- UK: Gas Mark + °C (conventional)
- US: °F (conventional)
- Europe: °C (fan/convection by default)
Common Cooking Temperatures Reference
| Dish | Conventional °C | Conventional °F | Fan °C | Gas Mark |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Meringues | 120°C | 248°F | 100°C | ½ |
| Slow-roast pork shoulder | 150°C | 302°F | 130°C | 2 |
| Sponge cake | 170°C | 338°F | 150°C | 3 |
| Bread / sandwich loaf | 180°C | 356°F | 160°C | 4 |
| Roast chicken | 190°C | 374°F | 170°C | 5 |
| Pizza | 220°C | 428°F | 200°C | 7 |
| Steak (broiling) | 230°C | 446°F | 210°C | 8 |
Source: USDA Safe Minimum Internal Temperature Chart, UK Government Gas Mark standards. Always use a food thermometer for meat doneness.
Frequently Asked Questions
180°C (conventional) equals 356°F. This is the most common baking temperature and translates to Gas Mark 4 or 160°C in a fan oven.
Add 20°C to the fan oven temperature to get the conventional oven equivalent. For example, a fan oven at 160°C is 180°C in a conventional oven.
200°C is Gas Mark 6. At 200°C, a fan oven should be set to 180°C and an air fryer to 180°C.
Set your air fryer 20°C lower than a conventional oven recipe calls for. If a recipe says 200°C in a conventional oven, use 180°C in the air fryer.
A fan oven (convection oven) uses a fan to circulate hot air, cooking food faster and more evenly. Temperatures should be reduced by 20°C compared to conventional oven recipes.
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Last updated: June 29, 2026